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Many people believe that the new "Automotive Industry Development Policy" has laid out a bright future for the auto parts industry. However, just as there will always be a gap between ideals and reality, the new industrial policy is only a guide to the development of the industry. Looking back at the reality, the gap is not only great, but also large.
The automobile parts part of the “Auto Industry Industrial Policy†of 1994 focused on car parts and clearly stated its strategic goal: localization. Specifically specified that the localization rate for car production is 40%.
The new industrial policy does not explicitly raise the issue of localization rate, nor does it have a 40% localization rate. Does this mean that the localization rate has been liberalized since then? “No.†Senior expert Chen Guangzu of automotive parts answered clearly: “Actually, the new industrial policy has stipulated the localization rate by considering the entire vehicle and did not release the localization rate.â€
The so-called equating to a complete vehicle is to divide the sedan into a number of assembly systems and specify the composition of the entire vehicle in accordance with certain standards. If the corresponding standards are met, it is considered to constitute an entire vehicle, and the taxes are collected according to the standard of the imported vehicle. This method was adopted by developed countries such as the United States, and its purpose was also to ensure the localization rate of car production.
The rules are very clear, but whether it can be implemented is another matter. It took 7 years from the time Santana started to introduce the basic 100% to achieve localization. This is a long journey, and it is also a process in which parts and components companies in China continue to improve their skills in learning foreign parts and components.
Through the introduction of foreign vehicles, continuous learning of technology and the ultimate realization of localization, it was originally proposed to exchange technology for the original intention. However, our current situation seems to have deviated from this goal. Now that a new car has been introduced for a few months, it will be available on the market. Compared with technology, some manufacturers are paying more attention to the immediate economic benefits. Although the overall level of parts and components in China has been greatly developed, it is difficult to imagine how much localization these vehicles can achieve in the short period of several months, and what technology manufacturers can learn from them.
The new industrial development policy has mentioned the realization of the independent research and development capabilities of the parts and components industry to a very important position. Chapter 8 Article 30 points out that “auto parts enterprises should adapt to the development trend of international industries and actively participate in the product development work of the main engine plant. The system development capability should be gradually formed in the key auto parts field.†The article also has related content.
“Actively participating in the product development work of the main engine plant†means that auto parts companies must have strong development capabilities and can keep up with the development level of the entire vehicle technology. The foreign auto industry has already adopted the method of “proactively purchasing†or “simultaneously developingâ€, that is, at the initial stage of vehicle development, parts suppliers participate in the development of parts and components, and the developed products are synchronized with the entire vehicle, improved, and authenticated. , put into production, which greatly shortened the development cycle. For parts and components companies, they can't get orders without taking part in development.
For parts and components manufacturers in China, it is very difficult to participate in the development process of the entire vehicle plant and enter the complete system of the whole vehicle, especially the imported vehicle.
On the one hand, in order to reduce costs and increase the degree of localization when investing in China, foreign vehicle companies have also driven domestic companies such as Delphi, Bosch, Eaton, Michelin and other world-renowned spare parts companies to invest in China. With the vehicle factory has many years of fixed matching relationship.
On the other hand, China's spare parts companies and products have a big gap with foreign countries. According to Jia Xinguang, chief analyst of China Automotive Industry Consulting Development Corporation, the most important accessories in the car, such as engines, transmissions, fuel injection systems, and other products with high added value, are provided by foreign manufacturers. Component manufacturers can only provide low value-added products such as audio and interiors.
In this case, the Chinese manufacturers can only be the second- or third-tier suppliers of foreign automakers, and can not enter the complete vehicle support system. Therefore, China's parts and components industry should strive to cooperate with domestic automakers. Some auto manufacturers have to rely on parts and components companies to a large extent because of their weak technical capabilities.
There are two main ways to quickly improve your R&D capabilities. One is a joint venture with foreign parts companies to learn technology from them; the other is to make low-end, low-value-added products. Although profits are not large in the short term, they can be monopolized if they are well-equipped. Sexual status, the market will be unlimited.