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â–¡ Xia Yanqiu Ma Xianqian Dingjinyuan wave gauges on the transport surface to form an oil film; and according to the elastohydrodynamic lubrication formula can also prove that the high viscosity lubricants get the oil film thickness is larger than the low viscosity lubricants. The oil film is intermolecular force (that is, van der Waals force) is active, and the oil film is easily desorbed with the rise of the tooth surface temperature, so that the metal between the tooth surfaces is directly contacted, and the adhesion of the tooth surface occurs. For heavy-duty gear transmissions, most of the gears are in mixed lubrication and boundary lubrication due to heavy load and frequent start-up. High-viscosity lubricants cannot prevent direct contact of the tooth flanks. High-performance lubricating oils Because of the addition of antimony additives, the bearing capacity of lubricating oils no longer depends on the viscosity of lubricating oils. At this time, the additives in the lubricating oil form a chemical adsorption film or a chemical reaction film in the meshing zone and the metal surface.
The chemical adsorption film is a metal soap or metal complex formed by the chemical bond between the additive and the metal surface, and requires a higher temperature to break the bond. The chemical reaction film is an extreme pressure anti-wear additive that chemically reacts with the metal at a local high temperature. A chemical reaction film with high compressive strength and low shear strength is formed, which prevents the direct contact of the metal from reaching the purpose of protecting the gear. This indicates that the local high temperature of the meshing zone is not harmless, but is conducive to forming a protective film. There is also a view that the greater the taste of the gear lubricating oil, the better, which refers to the problem of the amount of additive added. In fact, the lubricant additive should have a suitable addition amount. The additive is more or less unfavorable for the lubrication of the gear. Instead, it accelerates the wear of the gear and shortens the life of the gear. At present, some high-performance additives can be tasteless or very flavorful. Small, so it is unscientific to rely on taste to identify the pros and cons of oil. This is related to the current non-standard production of lubricants in China. Small workshop-style enterprises have disrupted the lubricant market and made unqualified oil products flow to the market. Currently, state-owned lubricant manufacturers and some private enterprises that focus on quality and technology produce lubrication. Oil, the quality completely catches up with or exceeds the similar oils in foreign countries, so users should change the traditional concept when choosing lubricating oil and choose high-performance gear oil. The author published an article on gear oil selection published in the Lubricating Oil Journal in 1997. Table 1 Project 3246 Test Method Kinematic Viscosity for various additives è¾ 5 Coin Q dual-purpose lubricant for lubrication or hydraulic transmission, ie When working under medium temperature, medium speed and medium load conditions, the oily anti-wear agent and the medium active extreme pressure anti-wear agent play a role of friction reduction, while the high reactivity extreme pressure additive, due to the action of the inhibitor, is in the non-polar Does not work under pressure. In the extreme pressure state of heavy-duty cutting, the highly reactive extreme pressure additive can reduce the grinding effect. Therefore, the RQ dual-purpose lubricating oil is used for equipment lubrication or hydraulic transmission, or as a cutting processing oil, and its friction factor. Always keep the value low. Second, the application of RQ dual-purpose lubricants In 19961997, the RQ dual-purpose lubricant application test was carried out in 5 branches of the company system. On the basis of satisfactory results, in 1998, all the gear processing machines and fasteners of the gearbox company, part of the multi-axis automatic lathe, and other 567 equipment lubrication hydraulic transmission system and cutting process, all adopted R 32, RQ-46 dual-purpose lubricant completely replaces the original ordinary hydraulic oil, anti-wear hydraulic oil, vulcanized cutting oil, EP-1 extreme pressure cutting oil. Sharing the dual-purpose lubricating oil for 35h, but achieved satisfactory results in equipment lubrication, hydraulic transmission and cutting processing, and also saved 86t of lubricating oil. Hubei Shiyan 442002 [Editor Huang Xiuyun] 7 m equipment management Marviger There are 55 layers of trays in the crude benzene de-benzene tower of the Qinzhihua Jigang Coking Plant. The tower body and the tower internals are all made of non-inducing steel materials. The tower structure is made by integral welding. There is a manhole for the person to be repaired. Because the gaskets of the trays in the tower are made of butter packing, the corrosion and aging damage are fast. After only half a year, the inside has begun to leak. The treatment capacity of the debenzene tower decreased from 100t/h to 80t/h. At the beginning, it did not attract attention. By February 1999, the treatment capacity of the dephenylation tower decreased again, only 5060t/h, light benzene production. The child dropped from the original 40t/d to about 20t/d. After sampling and testing the lean oil after the tower, the lean benzene-containing children are as high as 1.54%-1.7%, which greatly exceeds the specified index by 0.5%; the tubular furnace heating temperature is less than 180 feet, only about 140. Various monitoring data indicate that the butter packing gasket has completely lost its sealing, resulting in extremely abnormal production and great economic loss of the dephenylation tower. To this end, I have to stop the tower to repair, more all the gasket.
During the demolition of the tower, it was found that all the butter packing gaskets of the tray were completely unrecognizable, and the black “tofu†was pinched by hand. Based on this, we conducted research and analysis and concluded that the butter packing is not suitable for the debenzoate gasket. The reasons are as follows: the heat resistance of the butter packing is poor, the working temperature is generally 2065t, and the dephenylation operation design temperature is 190. especially.
The oil pan is not resistant to chemical corrosion, and the debenzoic acid production medium is benzene hydrocarbons and is flammable.
The material is cotton and linen, has large frictional resistance, small resilience and poor pressure resistance. In view of the above-mentioned fatal defects in the butter packing, it is decided to select a good sealing gasket in accordance with the actual production. In order to achieve the best effect of the newly selected gasket, the life of the tray must be matched with the maintenance cycle of the tower and the tower internals, and the material of the tray gasket must be optimized. As is known, the sealing mechanism of the gasket is that under the action of an external force, the gasket is elastically or plastically deformed to fill the small irregularities on the sealing surface to block the leakage. Based on this, the consideration of the preferred sealing gasket: the selected material has the S resistance resistance under normal conditions and special conditions, and not only the normal working pressure, but also the occurrence of hemp. The maximum pressure and the magnitude of the pulse pressure.
Corrosion, oxidizing, toxicity, pollution, density, ft, radioactivity, flammability, etc. of the sealing medium.
The shape, size, processing accuracy, roughness, etc. of the sealing surface.
With or without vibration and vibration.
Table 1a grade industrial gear oil performance project quality index 150 test method kinematic viscosity 40Cmm2 / s135-165GB / T265 viscosity point is not less than 100GB / T2541 flash point (opening) especially not less than 200/160GB / T267 town point X: not greater than - 15/-25/-35GB/T535. Moisture is not more than 0.02GB/T260 Copper corrosion (loouh) is not more than 1GB/T5096 Mechanical impurities are not more than 0.02GB/T511 rust resistance (steamed water) rustless GB/T1143 Emulsifying (40~37-3)min is not more than 20GB/T17305 oxidation stability (95 especially, 31211000 viscosity increase is not more than 6GB/TO123 four ball test pDk not less than 500/600/800GB/3142 gear test not less than 12CB/TQ306 full Efficient operation provides protection.
Emphasizes the importance of additives and simplifies many types of gear oils into one: heavy-duty industrial gear oils; two grades of low-viscosity gear oils: 68', 150, which not only make the oil selection method simpler and more scientific, but also extend the equipment. Service life.
At present, the best gear oil is super gear lubricant. The British and Dutch Shell Company has announced the standard of super gear oil and put super gear oil on the market. Its published standards are: sintering load 匕 greater than 500kg, FZG greater than 12 levels. The oil can be used for high speed gear transmission of 301/8, gear transmission for low speed and heavy load, and even gear transmission which has already produced adhesive wear and pitting. According to this standard, China has produced super gear oil on the basis of the development of high-performance extreme pressure anti-wear agent. Its performance is shown in Table 1. The indicators reach and exceed the British and Dutch shell super gear oil, and the price is only 60% of Shell Super Gear Oil. Through the bench and instrument analysis of the super gear oil, it is proved that the friction factor of the super gear oil is reduced by 33% compared with the load gear oil; the contact fatigue life ratio is 50% of the load gear oil. The TCA (thermal stability analysis) test found that the thermal stability of the super gear oil is very good. The thermal stability of the extreme pressure antiwear agent of the grade gear oil is better than that of the deuterated isobutylene. According to the Timken experimental data, the super gear oil extreme pressure agent is described. The extreme pressure performance at high temperature is better than the extreme pressure performance at low temperature, and its load carrying capacity is increased from 230N at 37.8T to 400N at 80T. Due to the continuous improvement of gear lubricant additives, performance is continuously improved, and gear lubricant performance is improved. Greatly improved, the emergence of super gear oil, for the safety of the equipment (3) to meet the needs of equipment lubrication, hydraulic and cutting processing, according to various additives And selected suitable inhibitors to ensure adequate under different working conditions