Rare metal bismuth compound process and workshop design

The antimony concentrate is a raw material, which is subjected to acid decomposition, extraction, crystallization, precipitation, and calcination. Production of tantalum and niobium compounds, tantalum, niobium smelter plant design. Production of tantalum and niobium compounds of the main raw material is iron ore of tantalum, niobium, iron, tantalum, niobium rich dross. Others include: pyrochlore (pyrochlore) is the main raw material for the production of niobium compounds; brown yttrium niobium ore, dilute black gold ore grade is low and highly radioactive, has been rarely used.

Bismuth compounds are generally intermediate products and are the raw materials for the production of base metal powders, bars and carbides. Bismuth oxide is also used as a material in filters, piezoelectric ceramics, monolithic capacitors and optical glass.

The main products of tantalum compounds are potassium tantalum fluoride, tantalum oxide; niobium compound with fluorine potassium niobate, niobium oxide, tantalum, and other product niobium chlorides, nitrides and borides, and the like.

Process selection: Separation of rhodium is generally carried out by hydrofluoric acid decomposing minerals and extraction methods. The process is shown in the figure.

The grades of various antimony concentrates and their radon ratios are relatively large. The niobium concentrate contains (TaNb) ₂ O ₅ 50%～60%, the highest reaches 80%; the tantalum concentrate (TaNb) ₂ O ₅ 60%～70%; TaNb ₂ O ₅ 20%～30%; pyrochlore concentrate containing Nb ₂ O ₅ 40%～60%. In order to ensure the stability of the production process, in addition to burning green stone, when using a variety of antimony concentrate as raw materials, often mix thoroughly and use. After the mineral is ground, it is decomposed by hydrofluoric acid, in order to improve the decomposition rate and to better separate the hydrazine during the extraction, and to dissolve the sulfuric acid at the same time. The extractant uses methyl isobutyl ketone (MiBK), which has high enthalpy saturation capacity, large separation factor, good phase separation and fast recycling performance, but has high price, high volatility and high solubility in acidic liquid and inhalation. Gas is irritating to the human central nervous system. Some Chinese smelters use octanol and N•N-di-mixed alkyl acetamide extractants, which are inexpensive, have low volatility and acid solubility, but have high viscosity at low temperatures, which affects the extraction effect. The extraction process has two kinds of clear liquid extraction and slurry extraction. The former has high efficiency and convenient operation; the latter has high yield and saves complicated preparation process of the clear liquid, and is used more. High-purity oxide production uses a staged extraction process or re-extraction of the stripping solution or re-decomposition with hydroxide. The stripping solution containing ruthenium or osmium is mixed with hydrofluoric acid and potassium chloride, crystallized fluoroantimonic acid potassium hydroxide, or directly precipitated by ammonia to obtain a hydroxide. After the oxide is compounded with carbon, ruthenium (é“Œ) chloride is produced by a chlorination process. The pyrochlore concentrate is generally produced by decomposing and extracting hydrofluoric acid to produce cerium oxide. The cerium chloride can also be obtained by chlorination method and then hydrolyzed to obtain cerium oxide.

Design choice: The main equipment includes grinding machine, decomposition tank, extraction tank, crystallization tank, dryer and calciner. 1. Grinding machine. The concentrate is ground to -100 mesh. Raw material concentrates generally contain radioactivity, and wet grinding is often used to prevent dust pollution and favorable operation. The mill equipment uses a vibrating mill or a spiral grading ball mill .

2. Decompose the trough. Single-slot decomposition can meet the requirements of different concentrate decomposition, easy to adjust the operation cycle and conditions, and wide applicability. A condenser is provided outside the tank to recover the acid vapor evaporated during the decomposition process. The continuous decomposition tank can be matched with the extraction process to improve the production technology level, but the equilibrium conditions in production are difficult to control.

3. Extraction tank. The industry uses a multi-layer pulse extraction column and a mixing-clarification extraction tank. The former has good sealing performance and small land occupation, but the manufacturing process is complicated and the cost is high; the latter has a simple structure, adapts to large changing conditions, and is convenient to operate, but has poor sealing performance and unsatisfactory operating environment. In actual production, a slurry-mixing clarification tank is used. In addition to the three stages of extraction, stripping and stripping, the pickling section is added to remove impurities after the extraction. The tank body is designed to prevent the slurry deposition mechanism, and is equipped with acidity monitoring and flow. Control device. In addition, there are centrifugal extractors, which are small in size and high in efficiency, but the cost is too high.

4. Crystallization tank. There are single tanks and continuous crystallization tanks. The single bath can easily control the crystallization conditions and the crystallization rate, and can better meet the crystal quality requirements of potassium fluoroantimonate.

5. Drying equipment. There is a vibrating hot air continuous dryer and a wooden hot air drying box. The former has high efficiency, large output, low energy consumption, and has the characteristics of maintaining crystal integrity. The latter is mostly used for small batch production. In order to prevent dust from contaminating the product, the hot air source needs to be filtered and dusted.

6. Calcination furnace. It is mainly an electrothermal rotary kiln, which integrates drying and calcination. It has large oxide output, continuous operation and low energy consumption. There is also a box type electric furnace, which is easy to control, but has high energy consumption and poor operating conditions, and is only used for small-scale production and calcination of high-purity oxides.

Workshop configuration: The workshop consists of a concentrate pool and grinding, decomposition, extraction, crystallization, precipitation, drying and calcining processes. The configuration requirements are:

1, 钽铌 partition. In order to prevent cross-contamination of bismuth and antimony in the production process, the formation after extraction and separation should form a sputum zone and a sputum zone.

2. Separation of sections. The concentrates and grinding, decomposition and other sections have radioactive pollution and should be separated from other sections; the extraction section MiBK is highly volatile and must be isolated and exhausted; the sedimentation section is isolated separately to prevent ammonia from affecting the production conditions of the workshop and Environment; crystallization, drying and calcining section is a clean area to prevent external dust source pollution; to prevent acid corrosion, the workshop water, electricity, steam and air supply and exhaust facilities should be separated from the production area.

3. External isolation measures. In and out of the workshop setting through the area to prevent plant radiation

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