According to the research data, the auto body weight consumes about 70% of the fuel. If the vehicle weight is reduced by 10%, the fuel efficiency can be increased by 6% to 8%; the vehicle weight is reduced by 1%, the fuel consumption can be reduced by 0.7%; 100 kg, fuel consumption per 100 km can be reduced by 0.3 liters to 0.6 liters. In the global environment of energy conservation and emission reduction, it is a trend for the car to lose weight, especially for the domestic environment where fog is rampant. Glass Bubbler,Glass Water Bottle,Transparent Glass Bubbler,Cigarette Glass Bubbler Yangzhou Maishun Glass Products Factory , https://www.maishunglass.com
However, the car has been shouted for years, but the actual results are not satisfactory. It is understood that in the past five years, the upgrading of the consumption structure has led to the emergence of large-scale models, and the average vehicle weight has increased by 100 kilograms. Not only that, the statistics of 2012 show that the average weight of passenger cars in China is 1295 kg, slightly higher than Japan, lower than the EU, but the fuel consumption per 100 km is 7.4L, much higher than Japan's 5.0L/100km and the EU. 5.3L / 100 kilometers.
These have undoubtedly added a "blocking stone" to the increasingly urgent energy-saving and emission-reduction policies, especially the fuel consumption limit standards mentioned repeatedly. In order to promote the realization of the goal, the policy sword will surely come out frequently, and the car slimming plan may be overweight on the basis of the original.
The fuel-saving test is not about to cut production. In terms of energy conservation and emission reduction, the EU has introduced environmental regulations that require 130g of CO2 emissions per kilometer in 2012, and the excess is 20 euros per vehicle. If the target is not met in 2015, the excess model will be fined 95 Euros per vehicle.
And our country’s policies in this regard are becoming increasingly demanding. According to the “Energy Conservation and New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2012~2020)†promulgated by the State Council in 2012, by 2015, the average fuel consumption of passenger cars produced in that year fell to 6.9L/100km, energy-saving passenger vehicles. Fuel consumption fell below 5.9L/100km.
In order to achieve this goal, in mid-October of this year, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and other five ministries and commissions issued the "Notice on Strengthening the Management of Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Vehicle Enterprises", which will publicly notify non-compliant enterprises and restrict new products "vehicle manufacturers and Product Announcement declares, restricts the expansion of production capacity investment, and strengthens management measures such as customs clearance audit, import inspection, and production consistency verification. According to Dong Yang, executive vice president and secretary general of the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, “Now the national energy department is studying to link the fuel economy assessment with the total vehicle control. In the future, if the auto products of the automaker can save 20% of fuel, they can Produce 20% more models. If the fuel-saving assessment is not enough, it will reduce the cost of automobile production."
In addition, Director Wei Weizhen of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology said that the current "2016-2020 Passenger Car Fuel Consumption Standards" report has been completed and is scheduled to be released at the end of this year. This goal will directly point the fuel consumption standard to 100 kilometers per 100 kilometers.
The policy is almost strict, forcing companies to devote more energy to implementing energy-saving plans. According to the latest announcement of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in 2013, the average fuel consumption of 111 passenger vehicle companies was 7.33L/100km. To achieve the standard in the short term is a challenge for every car company, but it is a red line that has to be crossed. “Lightweight†is the fastest and most direct tactic, and will face further upgrades. And challenges.
Material upgrades to help carts "slimming"
According to industry experts, lightweight vehicles can be realized in terms of lightweight design, replacement of steel with lightweight materials, improved manufacturing processes, and increased material strength to reduce material weight. At present, new materials such as aluminum alloys, magnesium alloys, reinforced plastics, glass fiber, carbon fiber composite materials are constantly being innovated and upgraded, and are widely used by car companies in slimming plans.
Taking the new Mingrui launched by Shanghai Volkswagen as an example, the weight reduction of the design, the weight of the material and the weight reduction of the process make the body weight loss up to 90 kg. Among them, the lightweight cylinder block is more than normal in the power system. The cylinder block weighs 7 kg to 10 kg. Last year, the mass-produced BMW i3 shell material was made of plastic and the chassis material was aluminum alloy. Compared with the traditional similar models, the weight reduction was 250~350 kg.
However, from the application of materials, aluminum alloy technology is widely used. The Honda NSX car, which was sold as early as 1990, uses an all-aluminum load-bearing body, which is 200kg lighter than the same body made of cold-rolled steel. At present, it has gradually covered and the body, frame, brake disc, engine cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, intake manifold, rocker arm and so on. As a large-scale mass-produced lightweight aluminum alloy, it is ideal, but it also has its own shortcomings, such as complex process and high maintenance costs. Compared with aluminum sheet metal parts, the cost of body parts is three to four times higher. In addition, due to the particularity of the plate, there may be some differences in the repair process from the traditional steel plates.
In addition, carbon fiber composite materials, carbon fiber body is now more common in super-running, expensive prices have always kept civilian cars away from it. In fact, carbon fiber materials themselves are not expensive, but the carbon fiber is processed into a suitable product for vehicles to drive and collide. It is really its value. At present, many manufacturers are stepping up research and development to promote their cost reduction, but this requires a long process.
Compared with aluminum-magnesium alloy, engineering plastics are lighter in weight and lower in cost than carbon fiber. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of hardness, strength and tensile properties, safety has been further ensured. Focus on the focus. It is understood that the current consumption of automotive plastics in Germany, the United States, Japan and other countries has reached 10% to 15%, and some even reached more than 20%.
Plastic-made steel for car body shaping space As mentioned above, the performance of engineering plastics has increased, so that it covers more and more areas in automobiles, and gradually expands from the original interior parts to the tailgate and window. , the skeleton and even the appearance of a plastic car. The reason why it can rise rapidly, in addition to weight reduction, is closely related to its advantages of low production and maintenance costs and strong plasticity. These have created more space and value for the car body shaping process.
Take the tailgate as an example. According to Yanfeng Pio, a leading supplier of automotive exterior parts, the plastic tailgate can be 20% to 30% lighter than the same size steel.
In addition, the plastic tailgate has a large degree of freedom of design. Since the outer panel is integrally molded by injection molding, the limitation of the stamping angle of the sheet metal part can be solved, and the shape of the whole vehicle is smoother and more dynamic. It is worth mentioning that injection molding can integrate some small assembly structures on one part, which replaces the original sheet metal parts and needs to weld various metal fasteners, reducing the number of parts and reducing the tooling equipment. Total investment cost. Further to this is the plastic tailgate module. It can preload all the wire speed and function parts (lights, wipers, cleaning pipes, etc.) on the tailgate onto the bonded plastic tailgate to form a plastic tailgate module product, and then assemble it directly. On the whole vehicle, it is similar to the concept of plug and play.
Another important advantage of the plastic tailgate as a plastic part is the self-recovering property after low-speed collision. This is because the outer panel uses a low-modulus thermoplastic material. When the tailgate encounters a low-speed collision at the rear end, it is recessed. The plate area can be automatically restored when the external force is removed, so that it does not need to be repaired, and it can meet the requirements of the European insurance test for lowering the premium. This feature is especially important in metropolitan areas where parking spaces are crowded.
From the overall economic cost, Europe has done calculations. When the output is low, the plastic tailgate will be lower than the sheet metal tailgate and aluminum tailgate in terms of overall investment. When the daily output is less than 600 sets, the overall investment in the plastic tailgate solution will have a savings of up to 50%.
Light weight and improved performance. At present, plastic materials are widely used in components such as tailgates and front bumpers. The plasticizing process involving higher-level safety components such as windows, doors, hoods and skeletons is accelerating. With the advancement of technology, plastics are breaking through the inherent concept of “too thin†and taking on more security responsibilities. Of course, car plasticization is not all lightweight, but it is a key step. Lightweight is not the only way to save energy and reduce emissions, but it is the most important and fastest way.