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What are the fire control requirements for engine room exhaust and computer room?
With the rapid development of China's modern communication technology, the communication industry has become a prominent symbol of modern social progress. The fire safety of large communication rooms and other places that are the hubs of communication centers is also very important. If a fire accident occurs, the communication network of the entire city may be paralyzed, which will cause great inconvenience to people's production and life. The social impact and property losses caused are difficult to estimate.
1. In the engine room gas fire extinguishing system, the main equipment components are:
Smoke, warmth, sound and light alarm, emergency start and stop, deflation indicator, IO module, gas fire controller, cabinet heptafluoropropane fire extinguishing device.
Second, what kind of gas fire extinguishing system is used in the computer room?
Heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea/FM200) is a kind of clean gas fire extinguishing agent which is mainly used for chemical fire extinguishing and has physical fire extinguishing effect; it is colorless, odorless, low-toxic, non-conductive, non-polluting protected objects, and will not be used for property. Damage caused by precision facilities; able to extinguish B and C fires and electrical fires with low fire extinguishing concentration; small storage space, high critical temperature, low critical pressure, liquefiable storage at normal temperature; no particles after release Or oily residue, no damage to the atmospheric ozone layer (ODP value is zero), the residence time in the atmosphere is 31 to 42 years, in line with environmental requirements.
1, the main equipment
The equipment of the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas fire extinguishing system can be divided into two parts, namely, drug storage and discharge equipment, alarm and control equipment. The drug storage and discharge equipment mainly includes a heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas cylinder, a cylinder fixing bracket, a bottle head valve electromagnetic starter, a bottle head valve manual starter, a high pressure hose, a pneumatic hose, a nozzle, and the like. The alarm and control equipment mainly includes the following contents: gas control panel, smoke detector, emergency start and stop button, alarm bell, buzzer and flashing light, gas release indicator, pressure switch, etc.
2. Overview and design of protected areas
This system is used to protect the computer room on the fourth floor. According to the principle of economic rationality and optimized design, under the premise of ensuring the safety and reliability of the system, the protection zone is divided as follows, sharing a system: computer room, area S=40 m2, net height h=3.5m, volume V=140m3, the required heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas 110kg cylinder N=1, the heptafluoropropane dosage is 98Kg, the design concentration is 8%. The cylinder room of this scheme is set on the second floor. The system adopts nitrogen pressure boosting, the pressure is 4.2MPa, sprays a certain concentration of FM200 fire extinguishing agent in 7 seconds, and evenly fills the entire protection zone, and requires the immersion time to be no less than 3 minutes, the protection zone The fire is extinguished.
3, system design performance
1. Basic design parameters
(1) Relevant parameters of the protected area
(2) The protected area is an independent closed space
(3) Protecting area setting ventilation equipment
(4) The design environment temperature of the protected area is 20 °C
(5) The altitude correction factor is 1. The minimum design fire extinguishing concentration of the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas fire extinguishing system is 8% (at 20 °C), and a certain concentration of FM200 fire extinguishing agent is sprayed in 7 seconds, and it is evenly filled throughout. Protected area and required immersion time not less than 3 minutes.
Third, the requirements for protected areas:
(1) The protected area should be an independent area
(2) The fire protection limit of the retaining structure and doors and windows of the protected area shall not be less than 0.5h, and the allowable pressure of the retaining structure and doors and windows shall not be less than 1200Pa.
(3) Before spraying FM200, all equipment that affects the fire extinguishing effect should be stopped.
(4) The ventilation system of the protected area should be closed before the FM200 fire extinguishing agent is sprayed. • Install a fireproof valve and close the vent.
(5) The door of the protected area should be opened outwards and can be closed by itself; it can be opened from the protected area under any circumstances.
Fourth, the requirements for the cylinder room
According to the requirements of domestic regulations, the room (cylinder room) in which the gas cylinder group is stored should be a separate room, located outside each protected area, and has an exit leading directly to the evacuation walkway, with a door that can be closed. The fire resistance of the cylinder chamber should not be lower than the second grade. The room temperature is -10 °C ~ 55 °C. The cylinder should be equipped with ventilation to keep it dry and ventilated. The FM200 storage bottle should be protected from direct sunlight. It is not allowed to store flammable, flammable and corrosive substances in the bottle station, and it is not allowed to be subjected to vibration and shock. The area between the cylinders is about 8m2.
Fifth, the system control method
The control of the gas fire extinguishing system shall have three control modes: automatic control, electrical manual control and emergency mechanical manual operation. The operating procedures for the three control modes of the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas fire extinguishing system are as follows:
a). Automatic control: A smoke detector is installed in the protection area and is divided into two independent alarm combinations. In the event of a fire, after any of the detectors is alarmed, the gas control panel receives the fire alarm signal, and the group alarm signal will be displayed. At the same time, the control panel will output the following linkage control signal: the alarm notification personnel within the scope of the protection zone will be notified. Evacuation; output the following linkage control signal: stop the ventilation equipment within the protection range to close the room; close the fire damper at the vents within the protection range to close the room. The dry node alarm signal is output to the fire control system total control panel; at this time, the fire duty personnel should immediately go to the site to process and confirm the fire alarm. When another set of detectors also alarms, the sound and light alarm signal appears again on the gas control panel, and the group of alarm signals is displayed, and the control panel outputs the following linkage control signal again: the alarm bell in the protection zone stops sounding; The buzzer outside the protection zone is sounded and the flashing light is illuminated to warn all personnel that they cannot enter the protection zone until it is confirmed that the fire has been extinguished.
After a delay of 30 seconds, the electromagnetic actuator (solenoid valve) of the release valve on the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas cylinder group and the zone selection valve corresponding to the protection zone are activated through the control panel to make the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas along the pipeline and the nozzle. The fire is delivered to the corresponding designated protection zone; once the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas is released, the pressure switch provided on the pipeline sends the dry node signal that the medicament has been released back to the gas control panel and the total control panel of the fire alarm system. The gas release lamp of the protection zone is illuminated to warn all personnel that they cannot enter the protection zone until it is confirmed that the fire has been extinguished.
When the control panel of the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas fire extinguishing system activates all the bells, buzzer and flashing lights, if the system is in the delay phase, if the system is found to be malfunctioning, or if a fire occurs, only the portable type is used. Fire extinguishers and other mobile fire-fighting equipment can extinguish the fire. The hand/automatic switch provided on the gas control panel can be turned to the manual state (until pressing the reset switch of the gas control panel) to temporarily stop the release of the medicament. To continue to open the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas fire extinguishing system, simply turn the hand/automatic transfer switch on the gas control cabinet to the automatic state. A gas release indicator, a buzzer and a flashing light are placed above the door outside each entrance of the protected area, and an alarm bell is placed inside each entrance. Similarly, an emergency start-stop button is placed on the outside of each entrance of the protected area, but the system's hand/automatic transfer switch is only placed on the gas control cabinet.
b). Electrical manual control: manual control by electrical means. When the emergency start button is pressed, the system will be started directly without delay to release heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas.
c). Emergency mechanical operation: The emergency operation is actually an all-mechanical operation, no power supply is required, and emergency operation is required only when both automatic control and electrical manual control fail. At this time, the entire gas fire extinguishing system can be turned on by operating a mechanical manual starter on a heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas cylinder, a mechanical manual starter on the area selection valve, and simultaneously outputting a dry node signal to the gas control panel, and It causes the following linkage: the sound and light alarm signals appear on the control panel, and it shows whether the pressure switch has been activated; the buzzer inside and outside the protection area is sounded and the flashing light is turned on; the dry node gas discharge signal is output to the fire alarm system. Total control panel;
Sixth, the requirements of the fire alarm system
There should be a two-way smoke detector in the protection zone of the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas fire-extinguishing system, which is connected to two different alarm combinations to ensure the secondary alarm requirements of the fire-extinguishing system. The smoke detectors of the protection zone shall be arranged at intervals, and the protection area of ​​each detector shall be calculated according to 50-60 m2. There are overhead raised floors and suspended ceilings in the protected area, and fire detectors are also installed. In order to meet the requirements of linkage control of heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas fire extinguishing system and automatic fire alarm system, the automatic fire alarm system should be able to receive the heptafluoropropane (FM200) gas discharge action signal sent by the pressure switch and the detector level alarm sent by the gas control panel. Signals such as signal and system faults, ie, fire alarm systems, should be provided with modules capable of emitting or receiving the above signals in the vicinity of the gas control panel of the protected area.
Seven, computer room fire design plan
(I. Overview
In order to protect expensive electronic equipment and data resources, national regulations require alarm systems and gas fire extinguishing systems for computer rooms of a certain size. With the advancement of society, electronic devices are becoming more and more popular, and various fire extinguishing agents are competing to launch. Due to the good environment of the computer room, there are not many special requirements for the alarm system. The current various alarm systems are basically applicable. The computer is an important department of every enterprise. Due to the special requirements of the equipment and other related equipment for fire protection, the fire protection system must be designed for these important equipments. It is the key to the normal operation of the equipment and the protection of the equipment; It is forbidden to use water, foam and powder fire extinguishing agent, and it is suitable to use gas fire extinguishing system; the fire fighting system in the computer room should be a relatively independent system, but it must be linked with the fire center. In general, large and medium-sized computer rooms, in order to ensure safety and correctly grasp the abnormal state, in the event of a fire that can accurately and quickly alarm and extinguish fire, an automatic fire extinguishing system is required.
Traditional water, foam, dry powder and smoke systems are not suitable for use in machine rooms. It should be a non-conductive, non-corrosive gas fire extinguishing agent that evaporates quickly at room temperature without leaving evaporation residue. The gas fire extinguishing system is to store certain gaseous compounds with fire extinguishing ability, which are stored in a normal temperature high pressure or low temperature low pressure container at normal temperature, and are fired into the fire occurrence area by automatic or manual control equipment in the event of fire, thereby achieving the purpose of fire extinguishing. It has the advantages of clean, no stains and rapid fire extinguishing. It is widely used in archives, electronic equipment rooms and valuable warehouses. There are many types of gas fire extinguishing, but only halogenated alkane (1211, 1301), carbon dioxide, and imported from recent years and FM200 have been widely used.
(II), gas fire extinguishing system design process
(1) According to the relevant design specifications, determine the room where the gas fire extinguishing system is to be installed, and select the type of gas fire extinguishing agent.
(2), divide the protection zone and protection space, select the system form, and confirm the location of the storage tank.
(3) Calculate the fire extinguishing design usage of the protection zone according to the relevant design specifications, and determine the quantity of the fire extinguishing agent storage bottle.
(4) Determine the layout of the bottle group in the storage room and check whether the size of the storage bottle is appropriate.
(5) Calculate the average flow rate of the main pipeline of the fire-extinguishing agent in the protection zone, and determine the diameter of the main road and the number of nozzles.
(6) Arrange the nozzle and pipeline direction evenly according to the actual interval of the protection zone, set as the equalization system as much as possible, and initially determine the pipe diameter of each pipe section.
(7) According to the calculation method of the pipe network on the design specification, check and correct the pipe network layout and the pipe diameter of each pipe section until the specifications are met, and determine the specifications of each nozzle.
(8) According to the design scheme, the system equipment materials are counted. Comprehensive evaluation of the design plan, and optimize adjustment if necessary.
(3) Smoke exhaust system
The smog generated during the fire is mainly carbon monoxide. This gas has a strong asphyxiating effect and poses a great threat to the life of the personnel. The mortality rate of the personnel can reach 50-70% or more. In other words, when the fire occurs. Carbon monoxide is the main cause of casualties. In addition, the smoke generated by the fire occludes the line of sight of the person. It makes people unable to discern the direction when evacuating, especially the high-rise building, because of its own chimney effect, the smoke rises very fast. If it is not quickly removed, it will quickly spread vertically to the whole building. The danger is obvious. Therefore, the smoke control system should be operated immediately after the fire, and the smoke can be quickly discharged at the fastest speed. The machine room is a relatively closed environment. When gas injection occurs, the gas fire extinguishing agent is not easy to remove. Installing the smoke exhaust system can help remove the residual gas fire extinguishing agent.