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Green mines are a new way of thinking about mineral resources management and mining development in the new situation. The construction of green mines is the only way to promote the economic progress of the mining industry. The rationale of “green mines†meets the development requirements of the 21st century, and it is more in line with the inherent requirements of building a harmonious society with the scientific development concept of “people-oriented, sustainable developmentâ€.
The green mine aims to protect the ecological environment, reduce resource consumption, and pursue a recyclable economy. The concept and practice of green ecology are embedded in the whole process of mineral resources development and utilization (mine exploration, planning and design, mine development, closed pit design). It embodies the respect for the natural original ecology, the cherishment of mineral resources, and the protection and reconstruction of the landscape ecology.
Green mine construction is a complex system engineering. It represents the overall level of development and utilization of mineral resources in a region and the potential for sustainable development. It focuses on scientific, low-cost and efficient development and utilization of mineral resources, and minimizes the consumption of resource reserves, reduces mining costs, and achieves the best resource efficiency. Turn.
Second, the construction requirements of green mines
(1) Green mines must set up and organize production according to law
The construction of green mines must be based on the environmental impact assessment method and the mineral resources law in French, conduct environmental impact assessment and comprehensive assessment of safety status, have local soil and water conservation measures (plans), obtain mining rights, mine safety production licenses, forest trees according to law. cutting license, permit the use of explosives and other related licenses, the establishment of the management system in accordance with law, management and organization of production according to the law, pay taxes according to the law of governance and gold reserves, to ensure safety in production.
(2) Green mines must rationally develop and utilize mineral resources in accordance with the principles of science, low consumption and high efficiency.
According to the principle of science, low consumption and high efficiency, the rational development and utilization of mineral resources is its basic premise. For the exploitation of mineral resources, scientific and rational planning and design must be carried out according to the resource status, demand and technical level, and the mining methods and technical equipment must be correctly selected. Secondly, the recovery rate and utilization rate of resources should be improved to minimize the consumption of resource reserves. Third, we must reduce the cost of mining and comprehensively utilize all kinds of resources (common, associated mines and abandoned resources) to maximize the benefits of limited resources.
(3) Green mines must meet the requirements of natural ecology and environmental protection.
The construction of green mines is a management practice based on solving environmental problems. Mining enterprises should incorporate environmental protection into their business philosophy, adhere to the principle of protection, create a pollution-free, waste-free, waste-free production system, reduce damage to the ecological environment and restore the ecological environment in a timely manner, in design, mining, transportation, etc. The process promotes comprehensive “greening†and does not create new ecological problems.
(4) Green mines must take the sustainable development of resources and the economic cycle as the development direction.
Continuously reduce ore grade expansion of reserves and exploration of new resources, extend mine service life, early new industry replacement and renewal, revitalize mines, study ecological restoration and reclamation techniques of mine closed pits, and develop mine closure planning and follow-up Land use and monitoring program (plan), set the direction of land use early, and reflect this directional requirement in the side-by-side remediation.
Third, the green mine creation standards
(1) Legal mining (legalization of mining)
1. Mining enterprises must obtain relevant licenses such as mining rights, mine safety production licenses, forest harvesting licenses, and explosives use licenses in accordance with the law; in line with national laws, regulations and industrial policies, mineral resources planning and geological environmental protection planning.
2. The mine construction project has approved the environmental impact assessment of the mine, the soil and water conservation measures (plan) and the comprehensive evaluation of the safety status; the mining enterprise manages and organizes the production according to law, pays according to the law, pays taxes and pays the deposit for the restoration of the mine environment in full.
3. In the two years prior to the declaration, there was no accident of production safety, no deaths occurred, no environmental pollution accidents occurred, and no administrative punishment was imposed by the administrative departments of land, environmental protection, public security, safety supervision, water conservancy and forestry.
(2) Efficient use (high efficiency of resource utilization)
1. The scientific and standardized development and utilization of mineral resources, mining recovery rate, mining depletion rate and mineral processing recovery have reached the design requirements, reaching the advanced level of similar mines in the province.
2. The utilization rate of mineral resources is high, the quality is excellent, and there is no behavior of abandoning poverty, waste and destroying resources and environment. The product structure is optimized and reasonable, and the recycling rate of waste resources is high, reaching the leading level of similar mines in the province.
3. Significant economic benefits, while social and ecological benefits are good, actively promote the use of new energy-saving technologies and new processes, and the economic benefits (taxes, fees, and profits) generated by tons of resources are high, achieving energy conservation and consumption reduction (low energy consumption indicators) ), reaching the advanced level of similar mines in the province.
(3) Scientific mining (modernization of mining methods)
1. In strict accordance with the approved mineral resources development and utilization plan mining, mining (mining, beneficiation, smelting) methods are scientific, the process is reasonable and orderly, and the mining technology level is advanced in similar mines.
2. Renovate and introduce mining technology, select the construction period and mode that is conducive to ecological protection. Open pit mining operations should be carried out in accordance with top-down and horizontal steps. Underground mining should be carried out in accordance with relevant technical specifications. Mechanization and modernization of mining operations high.
3. Improve the supporting facilities of the mining area, realize the dust-free operation in the whole process of production (perforation, blasting, mining, transportation, stockpiling and slag discharge), reduce the mining ore, reduce mining and stripping, and minimize the occupation of forest land and soil erosion. .
(4) Clean production (cleaning of mining operations)
1. Environmental protection measures for mine construction projects implement the “three simultaneous†system, implement environmental protection measures for the whole process of production (life cycle), and select production processes, equipment, raw (auxiliary) materials and clean energy without (less) pollution.
2. Strictly control the discharge of waste water, waste gas (toxic and harmful gases, dust), waste residue (waste soil, waste rock, tailings), and reuse the waste and energy discharged; noise pollution and vibration hazard reach the state and Provincial level related standards.
3. Through technological innovation, optimize the process, ensure the wind and dust suppression design of the mining area, transportation area and processing area, and the construction of water spray and dust reduction facilities, ensure the construction of mine water and domestic sewage treatment facilities, and achieve small disturbance and non-poisoning in the production process. And less pollution.
(5) Standardized management (standardization of mine management)
1. Mining enterprises must improve their organization, clarify the division of labor, implement the target responsibility system at all levels, ensure that responsibilities are in place, measures are in place and inputs are in place, and mine mining supervision is carefully implemented in accordance with relevant requirements.
2. The mining enterprise establishes various management systems according to law, the rules and regulations are perfect, all kinds of statements are complete, and the accounts and archives resources are complete.
(6) Safety production (standardization of production safety)
1. Strictly implement the safety technical standards and management systems of mining enterprises, improve the safety production responsibility system, establish various safety production management regulations and safety operation procedures, and do a good job in safety education for all employees and safety and safety production skills training. The certificate is on the job.
2. Implement the safety production reserve system for mining enterprises, fully collect safety production costs, ensure equipment safety performance, set up automatic warning devices for dangerous areas, prevent occupational diseases, etc., and ensure the effective implementation of safe production inputs.
3. Improve safety precautions and various precautions, improve emergency rescue mechanisms, increase management of fire equipment, timely eliminate potential safety hazards in production links, and establish a long-term mechanism for safe production.
(7) Internal and external harmony (harmonization of internal and external relations)
1. Mining development must obtain “social licenseâ€, that is, obtain the trust of the local government and the local people, inform the mine production situation and existing problems, seek the interests of the society and the mine, and actively participate in the local public welfare undertakings.
2. Develop a plan for consultation with the local community, and establish a liaison relationship with the community throughout the production process, timely adjust the mining operations affecting the community, and jointly cope with accidents and incidents involving human safety and environmental damage.
3, must have a complete staff technical training system, improve staff production skills, green environmental awareness and overall quality, and create a good corporate culture.
(8) Ecological reconstruction (environmental ecologicalization of mining areas)
1. Formulate mine environmental protection and treatment plans and strictly implement them, while producing slope restoration (governance), the annual investment of mine environmental management funds will reach more than 2% of ore sales revenue; green coverage of production area, living area and reclamation area Meet the standard.
2. Mining and mining should minimize the damage to the ecological environment. It will not cause damage to the landscape of the main traffic trunks and the visually visible areas of the scenic spots. There are no hidden dangers and dangers of geological disasters, and the treatment rate is 100%.
3, must have a complete mine closed pit planning and follow-up land use and monitoring program (plan), mining, closed pit and other stages of mine environmental treatment rate and land reclamation rate standards, the destruction of vegetation restoration effect is significant, to ensure that the surrounding environment coordination.
Fourth, the green mine creation assessment indicators
For the above-mentioned green mine creation standards, establish a corresponding evaluation index system (Figure 1), and give the corresponding evaluation index values ​​(Table 1). 
Figure 1 Block diagram of the evaluation index system for green mine construction
Table 1 Green to mine assessment criteria
V. Implementation recommendations for the creation of green mines
(1) Adhere to standards and standard procedures
To establish green mines, we must adhere to standards, strengthen supervision and inspection, and standardize working procedures. For the creation of a green mine, a plan for the creation of a work should be formulated. The qualification unit should prepare a “Green Mine Creation Planâ€. After the mine enterprise implements the green mine creation work according to the program requirements, it conducts a self-examination and self-assessment against the standard and submits it to the local land and resources authority. declare. After the land and resources department organizes relevant experts to pass the examination and acceptance, it will be reported to the local government for approval, and the local government will issue a green mine honor certificate to enjoy the green mine preferential policy; the green mine will implement an annual review system, such as annual review failure or major violation of laws and regulations. Behavior, revocation of green mine resources, suspension of production and rectification until closure.
(2) Clarify policies and strengthen support
Establish a green mine incentive mechanism, included in the pilot green mining enterprises, can enjoy preferential policies after obtaining green mine qualifications. For example, if the mineral resources reserves and ecological environment carrying capacity of the mining area permit, the mining scale should be appropriately increased, but it must be consistent with the requirements of green mine construction; when the green mining enterprises re-grant the mining rights in the original mining area, the increase in mining scale should not exceed In the case of a certain proportion of the original mining scale, the mineral resources development and utilization plan, soil and water conservation plan and environmental impact assessment report may not be re-formed; the mine environmental management reserve fund handed over by the green mining enterprise may be returned in advance in annual; Among the mining rights transfer fees, sewage charges, soil erosion fees, etc., the green mining enterprises are subsidized in proportion.
Conclusion
Through the research on green mine construction standards and evaluation indicators, the green mine construction procedures will be more clear, and the green mine construction assessment indicators will be more operable, which is conducive to the rational development and utilization of mineral resources and sustainable development. Although the research used in this paper has certain limitations, the formulation of construction standards is not perfect, and the basis for determining the value of evaluation indicators is not sufficient, but in the current situation of ecological construction, this useful exploration is of great significance. With the rise of the nationwide green mine construction, construction standards and evaluation indicators will be more perfect.
Green mine creation standards and evaluation indicators
First, the meaning of green mines
3. Separate the production area from the living area, and the construction layout of the production area is standardized. The living auxiliary facilities in the living area meet the safety, sanitation and environmental protection requirements to ensure the safety of the living environment.
Evaluation content
Evaluation criteria
Index value
Legal mining
Efficient use of
Scientific mining
Clean manufacturing
Standard management
Safe Production
Inside and outside
Ecological reconstruction
Obtain relevant licenses such as mining rights according to law, in line with policy planning requirements
There are approved environmental impact assessment, safety assessment, water conservation plan, tax payment according to law and full payment of mine environmental recovery and management deposit
No safety production liability accident within two years, no environmental pollution accidents, no administrative punishment
Scientific development and utilization of mineral resources, "three rates" compliance
The utilization rate of mineral resources and the recycling rate of waste resources have reached the same level of advanced
The economic benefits and energy consumption indicators produced by tons of resources are of the same kind of advanced
The development and utilization plan is scientific and reasonable, and the mining method is advanced.
Mechanized and modernized mining operations
Dust-free operation in the whole process of production, reasonable stripping
“Three simultaneous†implementation rate of 100%, implementation of environmental protection measures and guaranteed operating rate of more than 95%
"Three wastes" discharge standards, noise pollution, vibration hazard standards
Processes, mining areas, processing areas, etc.
Green mines create target responsibility system implementation and implement mining supervision
Various management systems, perfect rules and regulations, complete sets of reports, complete accounts, and complete archive resources
The roads in the production area are hardened by 100%, and the living auxiliary facilities in the living areas meet the safety and health requirements.
Formulate and implement a safety production responsibility system, and safety production professionals are certified to work
Implement the safety production reserve system for mining enterprises, and ensure safe production conditions
Improve safety precautions and various pre-plans, improve emergency rescue mechanisms, and establish a long-term mechanism for safe production
Get a “social license†and seek consensus on the interests of the community and the mine
Plans negotiated with the local community throughout the entire production process
Complete staff technical training system, good corporate culture
Strict implementation of mine environmental protection and treatment programs, annual investment in mine environmental management funds, green coverage rate
Mining mining does not damage the ecological environment and major landscapes, and the geological disaster management rate reaches 100%.
There are complete mine closed pit planning and follow-up land use and monitoring programs, and the mine environmental treatment rate and land reclamation rate are up to standard.
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