How to improve battery efficiency and life of electric vehicles

Energy conservation and environmental protection has always been a hot topic, and electric and hybrid vehicles offer an excellent way to save energy and reduce carbon dioxide emissions. However, the important weakness of electric and hybrid vehicles is their battery capacity and the resulting travel distance limitations. Since the maximum battery size that can be installed in a car is often limited by volume and weight, it is increasingly important to optimize the use of existing battery capacity.

To provide the hundreds of volts required for modern high performance batteries for electric vehicles, it is often necessary to connect several individual battery cells in series. Each battery cell in the battery pack has different battery cell capacity, self-discharge rate, temperature characteristics, and battery impedance, and the difference will increase as the battery ages. When the battery unit is charging, this difference can lead to a situation where some battery units are not yet full of enough power, but others are already full of charge. Unless additional measures are taken, the charging process must be terminated because if a battery unit is overcharged, it can be damaged or even completely destroyed.

A similar situation will also occur during discharge. Contrary to the previous situation, the situation is that a battery unit has been fully discharged, while other battery units still have enough energy to continue to power the car (theoretical). However, it is impossible for the car to continue to walk at this time because it would cause the weaker battery cells to be over-discharged, resulting in damage to the battery cells. In order to avoid the occurrence of these two kinds of situations, active balancing between individual battery cells is necessary.

Passive balancing method converts available energy into heat loss

The currently widely used method is passive balancing technology, which uses a resistor to discharge an already fully charged battery unit again so that other battery units can continue to charge. The disadvantages of this method are obvious:

* For balance purposes, the battery can only be discharged

* The discharge current of the shunt resistor causes power loss

* Valuable energy is converted into heat and cannot power the car

* Reduce the distance traveled by the car

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