The QNP Steam Turbines` capacity mainly covers 200MW and below, include NI series (Normal Impulse Turbines) and HE series (High Efficiency Turbines). Our steam turbines are flexible and diverse in structure and layout so as to meet various requirement of our users. Aiming at the global leading equipment manufacturing enterprise, our design and R&D standards are higher than GB standard and in the same league with European and American energy equipment manufacturers.
1.Characteristics of QNP Turbine
QNP adopts advanced small pitch-circle technology in its high-end high efficiency turbine products, and hence considerably improved the turbines`flow efficiency.
By combining the advanced technology of European turbine with QNP technology, and optimizing the integration between imported advanced R&D tools and advanced domestic design software, QNP has solved the universal defect of inter-stage efficiency loss in most domestic units.
Using 3D bending-torsion blade design to improve the final and penultimate stage efficiency and structural strength to ensure long-time continuous operation of the unit.
Using high-speed running design and full-cycle steam distribution to improve the unit`s flow efficiency, reduce space occupancy, and make the installation more efficient.
Optimized enthalpy drop distribution design, through the comparison of tens of thousands of design data, form the best single-stage enthalpy drop distribution solution to ensure that each unit is in its maximum efficiency.
High-precision and high-quality manufacturing process: to ensure the high precision and high quality of key dynamic and static components, the flow passage components are processed by four-axis or five-axis CNC machining center.
Specially produced for high-end users, each component is carefully designed and the unit always presented to the customer as a flawless modern industrial artwork.
Maximum internal efficiency may reach 88%
2.Technical characteristics of parts
Gland sealing matching: the industry-leading and advanced gland sealing structure design reduces the steam leakage loss.
Blade assembling: the optimized blade molded lines are designed by the international advanced design software and processed by high-grade, high-precision and advanced technology which improve the thermal efficiency greatly.
Governing system: advanced governing methods are used for high control precision and fast response speed and which also has the electronic over-speed trip function, load shedding trip function, as well as auto start, grid connection and on-load function.
Rotor: we have shrink-on rotor and solid forging structure rotor which are all processed by Mitsubishi Planer machine and adjusted by vacuum high speed dynamic balancing machine to make sure the vibration of each position of bearing is in good state when the Steam Turbine running. Small vibration of the rotor we produced is a distinctive characteristic of our products.
Condenser: the stainless steel screwed pipe is used as heat exchanger with good anti- pollution ability and high heat-exchange efficiency. High-quality titanium tube is used when the cooling water is seawater. We use digital controlled lathe for drilling hole.
Casing: the split is processed by one-off molding technology and the precision of which can be 0.0058MM without any steam leakage. The concentric circles of the whole axis are processed by high precision turn-milling of the 5-joint axis machining center.
Diaphragm: we use qualitative carbon steel as the support and make the flow field better comply with the design via special welding technology so as to improve the internal efficiency.
Lubricating oil system: the multiple filtration technology--impurity strainer of oil tank, double bucket strainer for refined filtration, bearing inlet strainer which can be replaced during running--make the turbine oil entering the bearing bush achieve the best performance.
Control and protection system: QNP uses the Siemens microprocessor as the core of the system to ensure the stability and timeliness of signal processing. For important signal, multistage redundancy functions are introduced to ensure the safe and stable operation of equipment. Friendly interface makes operator work easily. More than 3-monthes` record of operating data can be saved by recording system and also can be extracted at any time.
3.Various layout and application
Except the general double-tier layout structure, we also developed steam turbine with single-tier and fast-installation layout structure, mainly includes:
(1)Oil tank as base plate:
The position of oil tank for Condensing Steam Turbine can be designed under the steam turbine as the base plate with the steam turbine, bearing pedestal and gear box on it which has same horizontal plane with condenser.
(2)Three platform and one station steam turbine:
Composed of steam turbine base plate, auxiliaries base plate, control base plate and centralized oil station for a convenient installation and layout at site. And the centralized pipeline will let the site more clean and tidy.
(3)Axial exhaust type
Mainly applied in 15-50MW condensing and pumping condensing high efficiency turbine. This type of steam turbine adopted single-tier arrangement, with axial exhaust directly into the condenser. Suitable for whole machine delivery, and can considerably shorten the installation period and reduce civil engineering costs.
Steam Turbines Steam Turbines,Steam Turbine,Back Pressure Steam Turbine,High Speed Steam Turbine,High Efficiency Steam Turbine,Extraction Condensing Steam Turbine Shandong Qingneng Power Co., Ltd. , https://www.steamturbine.be
Figure 1 Section of the St. Manuel ore body
1-oxidized ore; 2-mixed ore; 3-sulfurized ore; 4-conglomerate [next]
[next]
(El Teniente)
Figure 2 2075 horizontal transport system layout [next]
Figure 3 gravity mining
1-Transportation roadway; 2-minening chute; 3-branch chute; 4-grid roadway;
5-funnel; 6-pull roadway; 7-pull hole; 8-way
Nugget caving mining method at St. Manuel Copper Mine
(1) Geological overview. Mine is located in northeastern Arizona, Tucson, about 72km, it is a Magma copper companies. It was put into operation in 1956, with a design capacity of 35,000 tons/day, and has recently expanded to 65,000 tons/day. The deposit is characterized by a large low-grade disseminated brass deposit in a two-long porphyry with weak structure, fracture and strong alteration. The ore body is inclined U-shaped on the section. The upper ore body is divided into two branches, north and south, respectively called the south and north ore bodies. The south ore body is the main ore body, which is steeper and has a depth of more than 600 meters; the north ore body has a dip angle of about 50°. The ore body has a length of 1500m and a thickness of 30-300m. At the top of the ore body, there is a relatively strong and difficult-to-crack Tertiary breccia cover with a thickness of 9-610m. As shown in Figure 1.
The main ore rocks are two-long porphyry and quartz monzonite, which have joint development and good collapseability. The joint fillings are mainly clay and chlorite, and the joints are mostly open. The Tertiary breccia is relatively strong and tends to become large when it collapses. The ore body collapse characteristics are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Rock fragmentation characteristics of some mines in the natural caving method at the domestic and international application stages
Mine name
Number of joint groups
Joint density (bars / meter)
Complete rock block compressive strength (MPa)
RQD (%)
Cavitation index
Initial pull-down area (m 2 )
Original rock stress (MPa)
Capacitability description
Level
vertical
Jurad Molybdenum Mine
3 sets of steep joints without horizontal joints
3
117.7~127.5
50
7.5~8
14214
10.0
18.0
Difficult to collapse
Clemex molybdenum mine
More than 3 sets of joints have horizontal joints
8~11
34.3~109.8
47~70
3~5
122×122
7.0~8.0
11.0~13.0
Easy to medium collapse
Henderson Copper Molybdenum Mine
2 sets of steep joint level joints are not obvious
6.6
123.6~130.4
47
6
120×180
29.0
30.0
Medium collapse
St. Manuel Copper Mine (San Manuel)
3~4 sets of joints have horizontal joints
13
98.1~132.4
30~40
5~6
40×60
140.0
112.1
Easy to collapse
Eltnient Copper Mine (primary mine)
2 groups of steep joint levels are not developed
0.5
98.1~117.7
70~100
7~10
40.0
39.0
Hard to collapse
Lakeside Copper Mine (Lakeshore)
Extremely developed
25.6
2.0~147.1
15
3~4
30×30
7.0
6.0
Easy to collapse
In the mountains of non-ferrous metals mining company Tongkuangyu
2 sets of steep joint level joints are not developed
6
73.5~147.1
70
7~9
120×133
11.8
4.9~5.9
Collapse
(2) Appropriate layout. The height of the stage is 183m. Due to the gentle inclination of the ore body, a section is added between the main sections, and the section height is 91m. The mine used the checkerboard type of ore mining, the double-block interval recovery and the double-diagonal diagonal retreat, but they were all stopped due to excessive ground pressure. At present, the horizontal size of the first nugget in the sub-panel is generally not less than 64 × 42.7 m to ensure that there is enough horizontal pull-down area to promote initial collapse. There are three levels in each mining stage, and the lowest level is the transportation level. The upper level is 18.3m, and the upper level is 4.6m. The circular transportation system is installed in the roadway, and the distance between the tunnels is 21.35m, and there are two lanes in each lane, which are respectively driven into the centerline position of the half panel. Some of the tunnels are connected to the roadways along the veins, while others form a single head. The latter are connected to each other by a wind bridge for ventilation and safe entrance and exit, as shown in Figure 2. In the grid horizontal vertical ore body excavation panel roadway, the center distance is 85.4m, each serving two panels. The ore-boring wells and branching wells are excavated at a slope of 63° every 10.7m in the tunnel of the vein-transporting lane, and the gridway is arranged along the ore body at a distance of 10.7m, which is 42.7m long. The funnel spacing is 5.33m and the bucket neck is ф1.52m. Dig the contact roadway in the middle of the two panel roadways, and connect the grid roadway for ventilation and safety exit, as shown in Figure 3.
(3) Roadway support. The roadway along the vein is supported by a 300×300mm wooden shed, and is reinforced with cross braces at the vault and column foot. The stability of the rock is poor and the area close to the production area is supported by arched steel brackets and watered with 450-600 mm thick concrete. All the roadway lanes are supported by wooden brackets or steel brackets and concrete supports. The grid floor of the grid is supported by 450m thick concrete, and when it is deep, it is reinforced with wooden brackets or steel brackets. Each lane serves 3 to 4 years. All the grid roads are filled with concrete, the side thickness is at least 450mm, the top is 600mm thick, and the bucket is reinforced with 200mm wide wear-resistant steel beams. The grid roadway has an average service of 1.5 years. The ore-boring and branching wells are supported by wooden frame brackets, and the wear-resistant high-carbon steel plates are nailed on the wooden frame brackets, and the net section is 1.2×1.2 m. The monthly concrete consumption of the mine is 4600-5400 m 3 . [next]
(4) Pulling the bottom. The distance between the bottoming lanes is equal to the funnel spacing, supported by wooden sheds, shallow holes are pulled, and a funnel distance is blasted each time.
(5) Mining. To meet the production of 55,000 tons / day, an effective bottoming area of ​​56,907 m 2 is required, and about 2000 concentrating funnels. The average ore-mining speed of each concentrating funnel is 0.45-0.61 m/d, that is, 32-45 t/d. The mine geological department makes a sectional view of each discharge ore funnel, indicating the ore layer height, ore content, grade, and type and grade of the rock causing depletion, and calculates the ore and grade of the entire ore block. According to the prospectus, the production requirements and the number of nuggets that can be produced (about 22 production nuggets per day), the ore-mining engineer assigns weekly production quotas and mining units to each production block, and prepares the mining instructions. It is sent to the mine squad leader every day. Each shifting squad leader fills in each of the concentrating funnels and actually releases the ore amount of the ore mining engineer into the computer. Samples were taken by a miner, analyzed by X-ray fluorescence fast analyzer, and the results of the grade analysis were also entered into the computer. When the cumulative release of ore and grade reports indicate that the ore hopper is nearing depletion, it should be encrypted and sampled. The three consecutive grades are lower than the cut-off grade, and the ore-mining engineer issues a stop-mining instruction.
(6) Ventilation. The design air volume is 11327m 3 /min, and the wind is taken from the No.1, No.4 and No.5 auxiliary wells, and then the main stone gate and the ventilation stone gate of the transportation and grid level are respectively entered into the grid road and the transportation lane. The filth level of the filthy wind is discharged to the surface of the mine through the ore-draining or return air patio to the surface level through four main transport lanes.
The ventilating block uses 15kw high air volume, ground pressure, low speed fan fan, single working place and heading face to ventilate with high pressure high speed fan fan of 7.5kw and 15kw.